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Mondal, Kausik
- Occurrence of Fluoride in the Groundwater of Purulia District, West Bengal and its Effect on Biotic Community
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723101, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723101, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 5-5Abstract
Fluoride contamination in drinking water is a burning environmental issue of the world today. Ingestion of excess fluoride in the human body may cause dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. Again, low fluoride less than 0.5 mg/l causes dental caries. Proper safeguards are, therefore, required to be taken to ensure safe fluoride level in drinking water. According to BIS and ICMR, the highest desirable limit of fluoride is specified at 1.0 mg/l and the maximum permissible limit is 1.5 mg/l. Water samples were collected from 17 different locations of Purulia spreading over the three worst-affected blocks, viz., Purulia I, Purulia II and Hura. Highest concentration of fluoride was recorded as follows: Purulia I - 1.56 mg/l, Purulia II - 1.69 mg/l and Hura - 1.52 mg/l. In order to mitigate the rising problem of fluorosis, one has to ensure fluoride free, safe drinking water to the rural communities of Purulia. The following action plan is suggested as a holistic alternative to mitigate the rising fluorosis problem:
• Supply of fluoride-free safe water.
• Extensive water quality monitoring.
• Proper diagnosis and treatment of fluorosis.
• Growing awareness and motivation about fluoride toxicity. The option for fluoride-free safe water supply system could be the following:
• River or lake water-based piped water supply.
• Big diameter tube well-based piped water supply (selecting the fluoride safe aquifers).
• Installation of deep tube wells attached with hand pumps (selecting fluoride safe aquifers, if available).
• Hand pump-attached excess fluoride removal units.
• Fluoride removal units attached with big bore tube wells for piped water supply.
• Use of traditional water sources (lakes/ponds) after treatment.
• Rainwater harvesting.
- Vegetable Waste Meal as a Source of Feedstuff in Formulated Diets for Rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.) Fingerlings After Fermentation With Earthworm Intestinal Bacterium
Abstract Views :273 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 49-50Abstract
Vegetable waste, which is generated in large quantities on a daily basis in the urban and sub-urban markets in India, has immense potential to be used as a predominant nutrient source in fish diet formulations. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate if vegetable waste could be fermented and used to replace fish meal (FM) in the preparation of formulated fish diet. As such, fermented vegetable waste meal was used as a protein supplement to replace fishmeal (FM) in the formulation of experimental diets for the Indian major carp Labeo rohita. Of the two supplementary diets, one containing 40% FM, the reference diet (T1) and the other containing fermented vegetable waste (50%) (T2), T2 showed significantly higher digestibility, growth, and protein deposition than the reference.- Vegetable Waste Meal as a Source of Feed Stuff in Formulated Diets for Rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.) Fingerlings after Fermentation with Earthworm Intestinal Bacterium
Abstract Views :327 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 47-48Abstract
Fermented vegetable waste meal was used as a protein supplement to replace fish meal (FM) in the formulation of experimental diets for the Indian major carp Labeo rohita. Of the two supplementary diets, one containing 40% FM, the reference diet (T1) and the other containing fermented vegetable waste (50%) (T2). T2 showed significantly higher digestibility, growth, and protein deposition than the reference.Keywords
Formulated Feed, Vegetable Waste, Fermentation, Labeo rohita.References
- Mondal, K., Kaviraj, A. and Mukhopadhyay, P. K. 2012. Effects of partial replacement of fishmeal in the diet by mulberry leaf meal on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Indian minor carp Labeo bata. International Journal of Aquatic Science, 3(1): 72-83.
- Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Behavioural Studies of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Cypermethrin
Abstract Views :308 |
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Authors
Salma Haque
1,
Kausik Mondal
2
Affiliations
1 Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal-723104, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, IN
1 Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal-723104, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 13, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 55-58Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin was used in a short term experiment to determine the acute toxicity. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) adults were chosen for the bioassay experiments. The experiments were repeated three times and the 96-h LC50 value was determined for the adults. The static test method of acute toxicity test was used. Data obtained from the cypermethrin acute toxicity tests were evaluated using the probit analysis statistical method. The 96-h LC50 value was found to be 6.2 μg/L. In addition, behavioural changes at each cypermethrin concentration were observed for the individual fish.Keywords
Toxicity, Behaviour, Cypermethrin, Oreochromis niloticus.References
- Ansari, S. and Ansari, B. A. 2012. Alphamethrin toxicity: effect on the reproductive ability and the activities of phosphatases in the tissues of Zebra fish, Danio rerio. Int. J. Life Sci. Pharm. Res., 2(1): 89-100.
- Burr, S. A. and Ray, D. E. 2004. Structure-activity and interaction effects of 14 different pyrethroids on voltage-gated chloride ion channels. Toxicol. Sci., 77: 341-346.
- Crawford, M. J., Croucher, A. and Hutson, D. 1981. Metabolism of cis- and trans-cypermethrin in rats. Balance and tissue retention study. J. Agric. Food Chem., 29: 130-135.
- Gohel, P. D. and Dodia, P. P. 2015. Toxicity evaluation and behavioural studies of fresh water fish Labeo rohita exposed Tt Ccypermethrin (Synthetic Pyrethroid). Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci., 6(2): 4256-4259.
- Katja, S., Georg, B. O. S., Stephan, P. and Christian, E. W. S. 2005. Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquat. Toxicol., 71: 49-59.
- Maruthanayagam, C. and Sharmila, G. 2004. Haematobiochemical variations induced by the pesticide, Monocrotophos in Cyprinus carpio during the exposure and recovery periods. Nat. Environ. Poll. Tech., 3: 491-494.
- Mushigeri, S. B. and David, M. 2005. Fenvalerate induced changes in the Ach and associated AChE activity in different tissues of fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) under lethal and sublethal exposure period. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 20: 65-72.
- Oros, D. R., Hoover, D., Rodigary, F, Crane, D. and Sericano, J. 2005. Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water, surface sediments and bivalves from the San Francisco Estuary. Environ. Sci. Tech., 39: 33-41.
- Parma De Croux, M. J., Loteste, A. and Cazenave, J. 2002. Inhibition of plasma cholinesterase and acute toxicity of monocrotophos in Neotropical fish, Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, Curimatidae). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 69: 356-362.
- Rao, J. V., Rani, C. H. S., Kavitha, P., Rao, R. N. and Madhavendra, S. S. 2003. Toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 70: 985-992.
- Sarikaya, R. 2009. Investigation of acute toxicity of Alpha-Cypermethrin on adult Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 9: 85-89.
- Shivkumar, R. and David, M. 2004. Toxicity of endosulfan to the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. Indian J. Ecol., 31: 27-29.
- Smith, T. M. and Stratton, G. E. 1986. Effects of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on nontarget organisms. Residue Rev., 97: 93-120.
- Ural, M. S. and Simsek, S. 2006. Acute toxicity of dichlorvos on fingerling of European cat fish, Silurus glanis. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 76: 871-876.
- Zutshi, B. and Raghuprasad, S. G. 2008. Impact of pollution on fresh and marine water resources. J. Poll. Res., 27: 461-466.
- Human-Elephant Conflicts in Purulia and Bankura Districts, West Bengal, India
Abstract Views :432 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, IN
2 Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, 723104, IN
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, IN
2 Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, 723104, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 13, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 91-94Abstract
Human-elephant conflict has been a major issue for managing wild elephant population. Over last two to three decades the problem has intensified because of growing population and developmental activities. West Bengal serves as inter- state and inter-country elephant corridors at several points, both at South Bengal and at North Bengal. The present report emphasises on Human-Elephant conflict in southern part of West Bengal (primarily Purulia and Bankura districts) which is being experienced with increased man-elephant conflict due to several development activities.Keywords
Elephant, Conflict, Bankura, Purulia.References
- Borah, J., Thakuria, K., Baruah, K. K., Sarma, N. K. and Deka, K. 2005. Man-elephant conflict problem: A case study. Zoos’ Print, 20(7): 22-24.
- Champion, H. G. and Seth, S. K. 1968. A revised survey of forest types of India. Government of India publication, New Delhi.
- Chanda, S. 2014. Joint Director Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, 24PGs (South) Division, Personal communication.
- Choudhury, A. 2004. Human-elephant conflicts in Northeast India. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 9: 261-270.
- Kulandaivel, S. 2010. A paradigm shift in the elephant depredation in South Bengal. Divisional Forest Officer, Bankura North Division, Personal communication.
- Kulkarni, J., Prachi, M., Boominathan, D. and Chaudhuri, S. 2007. A study of Man-elephant conflict in Nagarhole National Park and surrounding areas of Kodagu district in Karnataka, India: Final Report. Envirosearch, Pune.
- Singh, A. K., Singh, R. and Chowdhury, S. 2002. Human - elephant conflicts in changed landscapes of South west Bengal. Indian Forester, 128: 1119-1132.
- Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plants against the Freshwater Fish Pathogen Aeromonas Sp. and Pseudomonas Sp.
Abstract Views :262 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, Pin-741235, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Jangipur College, Jangipur, West Bengal, Pin-742213, IN
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, Pin-741235, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Jangipur College, Jangipur, West Bengal, Pin-742213, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 14, No Spl (2017), Pagination: 7-7Abstract
Indian forest ecosystem is endowed with medicinal plants. Antibacterial activity of some of these medicinal plant resources was tested in the laboratory. Experiment was conducted in the aquarium and rearing tank using feed containing medicinal plant extracts to evaluate the efficacy on the artificially infected fish with bacterial pathogens. When the fish were exposed to high bacterial pathogens Aeromona hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens, recovery of the infected fish varied with the pathogens challenged and feed treatments. Fish feed containing extract of Coleus aromaticus (4% feeding) showed significantly (p<0.01) high therapeutic effect recovering the infected fish, Magur (Clarias batrachus) with A. hydrophila (95 ± 0.86% recovery) and P. fluorescens (85±1.20% recovery). A similar result was observed in the case of Magur fish feed containing extract of Mentha piperita (3% feeding) and Ocimum bascilicum (3% feeding) where 100 ± 0. 88 % A. hydrophila infected Magur (Clarias batrachus) were found to be cured. In rearing tank, the herbal feed containing extract of Coleus aromaticus was applied experimentally to A. hydrophila infected different fish species maintained in different individual ponds where, 90.40 ± 1.4% Magur (Clarias batrachus) and 80.2 ± 1.2 % Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were found to be recovered. The other medicinal plants used in this study showed medium to weak effect recovering the bacterial infected fish.- Potential of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Parasitic and Bacterial Infection of Freshwater Fishes of Bankura and Purulia Districts, West Bengal, India
Abstract Views :289 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, IN
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 16, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 103-109Abstract
A 60 days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbal treated diet in the infected fishes. In this study, 7 selected plant species were collected from different localities of Bankura and Purulia district. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts were evaluated against the fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. After treating with the herbal extract diet, Hb%, RBC, PCV values were increased significantly, and WBC value was decreased significantly. Survivability and growth parameters were also increased. Products of medicinal plants have a potential application as an immunostimulant in fish culture, primarily because they can be easily obtained, act against a broad spectrum of pathogens and have minimal side effects. Therefore, herbal extracts can be used in fish culture as alternatives to vaccines, antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents.Keywords
Fish pathogens, Medicinal plants, Treatment of fish diseases, Bankura, Purulia.References
- Abdul Kader Mydeen, K. P. and Haniffa, M. A. 2011. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of medicinal plants on fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. J. Res. Biol., 1: 1- 5.
- Ahilan, B., Nithiyapriyatharshini, A. and Ravaneshwaran, K. 2010. Influence of certain herbal additives on the growth, survival and disease resistance of goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). Tamilnadu J. Vet. Ani. Sci., 6(1): 5-11.
- APHA, 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington DC, USA.
- Asimi, O. A. and Sahu, N. P. 2013. Herbs/spices as feed additive in aquaculture. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2(8): 284-292.
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- Castell, J. D. and Tiews, K. 1980. Report of the EIFAC, IUNS and ICES Working Group on the standardization of methodology in fish nutrition research. Hamburg, Germany, 21–23 March. EIFAC Technical Paper 36.
- Chitmanat, C., Tongdonmuan, K. and Nunsong, W. 2005. The use of crude extracts from traditional medicinal plants toeliminate Trichodina sp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 27(Suppl. 1): 359-364.
- Christybapita, D., Divyagnaneswari, M. and Michael, R. D. 2007. Oral administration of Eclipta alba leaf aqueous extract enhances the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 23(4): 840-852.
- Citarasu, T., Venkatramalingam, K., Babu, M., Sekar, R. R. and Petermarian, M. 2003. Influence of the antibacterial herbs, Solamum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia on the survival, growth and bacterial load of Penaeus monodon post larvae. Aquac Int., 11(6): 581-595.
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- Sharma, A., Deo, A. D., Riteshkumar, S. T., Chanu, T. I. and Das, A. 2010. Effect of Withania somnifera (L. Dunal) ischolar_main as a feed additive on immunological parameters and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 29(3): 508-512.
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- Natural Microbial Resources and their Role in Sustainable Development of Aquaculture
Abstract Views :216 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, W. B., IN
2 Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, W. B., IN
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, W. B., IN
2 Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, W. B., IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 16, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 111-115Abstract
Global fish production continues to outpace world population growth and aquaculture remains one of the most promising as well as fastest growing industries and provides high quality protein diets. Over the last three decades, much effort in research has increased in fish growth efficiency by manipulation of dietary formulation. Along with the increasing demand, the main challenge is disease outbreak and thus massive economic losses. Due to harmful effects of vaccines, antibiotics and various chemotherapeutics, an alternate approach can be used for naturally occurring microbial resources in aquaculture system to enhance growth, immune system and also to control diseases. The present work concentrate on the gut microbes of vermicomposting earthworm and role of cellulolytic microbes in fish feed formulation with the help of fermentation process.Keywords
Natural resources, Earthworm, Microorganisms, Aquaculture.References
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- Cabello, F. C. 2006. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem of human and animal health and for the environment. Environ. Microbiol., 8: 1137-1144.
- Denev, S. A. 2008. Ecological alternatives of antibiotic growth promoters in animal husbandry and aquaculture. D. Sc. Thesis. Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Department of Biochemistry Microbiology, Trakia University. 294.
- Pandiyan, P., Balaraman, D., Thirunavukkarasu, R., George, E. G. J., Subaramaniyam, K. and Manikkam, S. 2013. Probiotics in aquaculture. Drug Invention Today. 5: 55-59.
- Parthasarathi, K., Ranganathan, L. S., Anandi, V. and Zeyer, J. 2007. Diversity of microflora in the gut and casts of tropical composting earthworms reared on different substrates. J. Environ. Biol., 28(1): 87-97.
- Teather, R. M. and Wood, P. J. 1982. Use of Congo red polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the bovine rumen. Appl. & Environ. Microbiol., 43(4): 777-780.
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- A Review on the Dietary Requirements of Trace Minerals in Freshwater Fish
Abstract Views :356 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Puja Pati
1,
Kausik Mondal
1
Affiliations
1 Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
1 Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 16, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 171-206Abstract
Trace minerals are essential for growth and immunity in animals including fish. It’s presence either in excess or low quantity in feed, leads to dwarfism, mortality, mineral specific diseases and toxicity. Hence, knowledge about the most favorable dietary requirement of trace minerals by fish will help in formulation of a nutritionally well balanced feed and maximize the production. Several trace minerals have been reported as essential for development in fish, but only Zn, Se, Fe, I, Mn, Cu, Co, and Cr have been studied in detail. Besides, information on trace mineral necessity and effects on physiology of various freshwater fishes are limited. All these aspects of trace mineral are discussed in the review, emphasizing on its growth and immune-modulation in freshwater fish.Keywords
Trace Minerals, Bioavailability, Dietary Requirements, Freshwater Fish, Immune-Modulation.References
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- Ahmed, A.R., Jha, A.N., and Davies, S.J. 2012a. The efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 148: 187-197.
- Ahmed, A.R., Jha, A.N., and Davies, S.J., 2012b. The effect of dietary organic chromium on specific growth rate, tissue chromium concentrations, enzyme activities and histology in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 149: 362-370.
- Ahmed, A.R., Moody, A.J., Fisher, A., and Davies, S.J., 2013. Growth performance and starch utilization in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in response to dietary chromium chloride supplementation. J. Trace Elem. Med. Bio., 27: 45-51.
- Akter, N., Alam, M.J., Jewel, M.A.S., Ayenuddin, M., Haque, S.K. and Akter, S., 2018. Evaluation of dietary metallic iron nanoparticles as feed additive for growth and physiology of Bagridae catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758). Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud., 6(3): 371-377.
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- Anjugam, M., Vaseeharan, B., Iswarya, A., Gobi, N., Divya, M., Thangaraj, M.P. and Elumalai, P., 2018. Effect of β-1, 3 glucan binding protein based zinc oxide nanoparticles supplemented diet on immune response and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish shellfish immunol., 76: 247-259.
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- Carriquiriborde, P. R., Handy, R. D. and Davies, S. J. 2004. Physiological modulation of iron metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed low and high iron diets. J. Exp. Biol., 207: 75-86.
- Chanda, S., Samanta, A., Paul, B. N., Ghosh, K. and Giri, S. S., 2017. Effect of dietary iron level on growth performance and enzyme activity in Rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) fingerlings. Indian J. Anim. Nutr., 34: 224-228.
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- Aquaculture Opportunities in Open Cast Coal Mine Dams in Raniganj, West Bengal, India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
3 Ex-Visiting Research Professor, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
3 Ex-Visiting Research Professor, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 17, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 11-17Abstract
A feasibility study was conducted on alternative fish culture in an abandoned open cast coal mine dam of Raniganj, West Bengal, India. The idea was to generate an alternate source of income generation for the poor coal miners through the infusion of scientific mode of culture and making general awareness among the miners about the proper utilization of water sources. In this endeavor, thirteen fish species were recorded besides obtaining certain water parameters of four open cast dams along with evaluation of economic viability as well as culture mode during the study. The results indicate the dams can be used as an alternative source of profitable fish culture accruing the net value of Rs. 2, 03, 846 / ha / yr which is about 88.3% of cost involvement. As such, these dams can act as a ready water resource of fish culture and economic uplifting of local fish farmers through implementation of specifically designed scientific program.
Keywords
Open Cast Coal Mine Dams, Pisciculture Importance, Water Parameters.References
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